Water Rocket Dominant Modification Factors

Water Rocket Dominant Modification Factors Bryan Conston Water rockets recount to the narrative of a wet propelling period: the liftoff, tallness peak (apogee), and the earth shattering handling all are seen at an observer’s look. Obviously, some â€Å"stories† come out to be more amazing and surprising than others in light of the fixings. In an ideal material science world, about any rocket could take off to its most extreme potential. Genuinely this isn't the situation for this present reality, where wind and climate could mean the distinction in a water-constrained rocket’s achievement or disappointment. Water may spill out of the rocket. The jug may detonate out of nowhere because of sight-seeing or the measure of weight fixed in its casing. In spite of the fact that anything can ruin a rocket from it’s arranged elevation, there are courses through applying water rocket information to check it for good: adding alterations to the rocket. As the inquiry was replied about whether changes to a two-liter jug would be helpful to flight altitudeâ€it is totally necessaryâ€the genuine inquiry springs forward: â€Å"What alterations would we be able to use to a plastic bottle?† There are incalculable factors in regards to water rocket drive, for example, how much water ought to be applied. Need is the mother of creation for planning water rockets, so with essential changes in accordance with the jug rocket, testing the improvement would be a lot simpler. All things considered, however, a few adjustments may hurt the state of the rocket. For a few bits of a water rocket plan, clever and completely inspected adjustments of blades, spouts, and the jug itself will be a key factor in its prosperity. In the work of summer, water clears a path for a remarkable encounter: water rocket propelling. Taking care of the energy of a few educators, kids, and guardians, water rockets entrance schools and universities with its convenient exhibit of material science. The way toward developing a water rocket requires somewhat more than a jug, spout balances, and an imaginative mentality. Be that as it may, generally taking an interest in the component would plan to watch the rockets as they â€Å"send them skyward†, as water rocket lover Barbara Wolcott energizes (screen 1). How does this particular excursion of the rocketâ€its propulsionâ€take place? There are consistently interesting points about building a rocket, for with everything there is approaches to improve the rocket’s condition. The pounds per square inch (PSI) ought to be a level weight for the water to collaborate with Newton’s third law of inverse response, and the water needs to keep up a stream with the nozzleand so on. The dispatch relies upon a few factors and additional items that would upgrade the flight understanding, for example, nose cones. The most predominant segments of the rocket launcherâ€the spouts, blades, and bottleâ€act as a significant aggregate power for affecting the rocket’s fruitful impetus, insurance, and flight tallness. One of the most prevailing changes that ought to be made to all rockets is the spout. Brad Calvert claims that a decent spout produces fast however concise speeding up, on occasion enduring â€Å"only a couple of hundredths of a second.† (Calvert 5). A spout is just a mechanical gadget utilized for controlling the liquid of the water rocket to permit it to construct propelling vitality. While we may require blades, a tough container, and a reliable launcher, a rocket without a spout is one that will cause exorbitant blunders like spillages. Push, the rocket’s power of activity between the water and the container, is created fundamentally by the spout. Really, the huge factor is the spout type. Confined spouts give longer flight term, while an open neck spout permits it about whenever to pressurize, in this way making an issue for some starting cylinders.. Additionally, spouts rely upon length and width. For example, a to the max bottle is the standard neck opening of a PET jug that is 22 mm long. Other altered spouts incorporate a Gardena spout with snappy connectors or a Maxi-Flo spout with an enormous opening. With these spouts, the drive relies upon the spout size: bigger spouts risk spillage, in this way debilitating any opportunity of a high height. An altered spout is a phenomenal beginning towards a top notch rocket. Indeed, even an uncovered container can dispatch off, however innumerable roads of blunder could without much of a stretch alter the trip all in all. This since rockets adhere to the standards of streamlined dependability. As per Brad Calvert, the strength of the water rocket relies upon the following prevailing component: blades. With excessively limited spouts, bigger blades at the rocket’s back â€Å"are required to check the turning powers made at the front† (Calvert 6). Without blades, the rocket can't adjust it’s weight start to finish, demolishing any opportunity at a fruitful air travel. In addition, in the event that the blades are to be the intensity of security, at that point they should be utilized accurately. Once the fins’ drag is limited, they do all the fundamental flight work by giving the rocket a decent, straight flight (frequently the flight will fall nose down also). Blades make for the most significant change the extent that wellbeing goes. Without them, the rocket could ricochet some place and cause real injury to spectators. Balances come in numerous sizes and shapes, and light tape works incredible as a glue. A definitive objective of blade development is limiting the drag they make by keeping them little and flimsy. Manilla organizers, delicate cardboard, and other strong materials would work for balances successfully. A tube shaped blade might be â€Å"the most effortless approach to accomplish strength with a limited spout rocket† (Calvert 7). Really, the balances epitomize a powerhouse for the strength and comfort of a container rocket. The order of the container is basic to the achievement of the flight likewise: deciding the brand, weight, and measurements play by and large among different variables to deliver the best apogee. As water powers out of the back, the rocket’s weight gradually diminishes as an element of time. The air pushing the water powers both the water and air outside the spout and makes a power that is equivalent in size however inverse in heading, driving the rocket upwards. This would not work adequately without an assessment of the weight. Including weight ought to be a cautionâ€the bring down the rocket weight with a consistent water gracefully, the better dispatch. Additional mass ought to be connected to exact territories, (for example, balances ought to be set lower on a bigger rocket) for a reasonable focus of mass. Lightweight cements ought to be applied, however no craft glue ought to be utilized as it tears through and relax the bottle’s plastic edge. Utilizing extra water ought to be a worry also.. As Leo Singleton put it in his Bottle Rocket Handbook, â€Å"water is pushed, however it additionally includes overabundance weight† (Singleton 16-17). Adjusting among push and weight is the best choice. Normally half of the rocket ought to be loaded up with water, paying little mind to measurements. A great many people would obviously utilize a two liter container for a water rocket base. This brings a higher worry for the fins’ shape. A two liter container has a moderately little separation start to finish yet a generally huge distance across contrasted with other effective rocket bottles. It is regularly said that long and slight water rockets â€Å"are simpler to make stable† than â€Å"short and fat ones† (Water-Rockets Science for Hobbyist, Students, and Teachers of All Ages 1). This would be clarified through a few reproductions demonstrating a pattern in rocket length and apogee, with expanding length without different changes. As a rule, the water rocket length will be labor for the flight tallness, carrying positive connection to the rocket’s direction. Likewise, the bottle’s brand would should be deliberately watched. A few tests from different master rocket launchers, including research done at school destinations, yield that nonexclusive containers cause more over the top spilling than brand name bottles. Spillage enormously decreases flight order, and containers like Dr. Thunder and Mountain Lightning were appeared to spill stacks of water (now and then to its total) because of a bigger spout opening. It’s best to utilize bottles that are made to contain carbonated beverages, for different jugs are not made to adapt to the weight utilized. Broken containers ought to never be utilized. They are simpler to detonate arbitrarily, so ensuring the container is firm to the touch and sturdy is a certain method to build security to propelling. Without a doubt, the primary factors that would represent the moment of truth a water rocket’s achievement would be the blades, the spout, and the container type. The balances go about as a cradle for any flimsiness and lower the odds of an accident commendable container. Considerably more, the spout assumes the job of controlling the start of the rocket. The dominator of the rocketâ€its bottle frameâ€is the reason for the idea of water rocket propelling. For a few water rocket lovers, beginning with these adjustments would make the best of any test of water rocket drive and the material science behind it. Works Cited Calvert, Brad. Water Rocket Book. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 June 2014. Singleton IV, Leo C. Container Rocket Handbook. N.p., 2001. Web. 27 Jan. 2015. Welcome. Water-rockets Science for Hobbyist, Students, and Teachers of All Ages. N.p., 1997. Web. 06 Feb. 2015. Wolcott, Barbara. ReadySetLaunch!! Exploring Magazine. Cub scouts of America, 2006. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

Diversity in an organization

Assorted variety in an association Assorted variety is being considered as a fantasy for entrepreneur. This is on the grounds that they are not completely mindful of the best and suitable time to actualize the program in business. Many despite everything wonder on the off chance that it will be suitable to actualize it today or in future. Be that as it may, Diversity Program pioneers should initially grasp their developmental practice to have the option to acquire success.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Diversity in an association explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They ought to likewise comprehend that there is no restriction in accomplishing decent variety because of dynamic changes in correspondence, versatility and assorted variety itself (Cramer 1). By and by, the most invaluable time to actualize assorted variety in the association is presently. This is on the grounds that hierarchical viability will be in danger if the chiefs don't have proficient assorted variety the board aptitudes. Assorted variety is the best resource in an association; it ought to be obtained and developed before it is applied. There are various favorable circumstances and burdens of executing decent variety program in business. For instance, pioneers who have great information in overseeing huge gathering of representatives are equipped for advancing profitability, invigorating worker assurance and can benefit and access new areas in the commercial center. A portion of the issues that assorted associations face incorporate correspondence issues, bigotry and segregation. This paper sums up the key business contentions for and against assorted variety as showed in the two articles. Increment in income is one of the significant favorable circumstances of assorted variety in business. This is on the grounds that decent variety in business advances development and imagination which brings about expanded income. Associations that have assorted workforce have an extraordinary inv olvement with tackling issues and issues. They likewise have ease in actualizing choices since the whole workforce contribute in the dynamic procedure making comprehension and enterprise with regards to work. Those organizations that have submitted themselves in utilizing Diversity Programs experience vital favorable position (Cramer 1).Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such associations can comprehend and react to social outcomes experienced when the association sets its procedures and furthermore during deals process. As per the report of an examination led by specialists, high efficiency will be the outcome acquired for precisely directing and preparing different authoritative representatives. The report likewise demonstrated that differing groups record higher profitability. Laborers can take in and advantage from one another in a differing situation. This wil l upgrade viability, inventiveness, improvement and increment execution among the laborers. One of the disservices of different association is high turnover where you find that the turnover for one gathering of buyers is higher than the other. For example, a vehicle vendor in Japan is probably going to understand that countless his clients are for the most part ladies who are not residents of Japan. Chinese individuals make a fourth of the world’s populace and this implies customer merchandise industry is overflowed with Chinese individuals (Hubbard 1). In this manner the association will pass up on many market chances of arriving at possibly productive customers. Numerous instances of separation, prejudice and biasness will manifest when an association has one line of target gathering. The association might be centered around the objective gathering while at the same time disregarding others. On the off chance that assorted variety isn't adequately utilized in an association , it can bring significant issues that will by and large prompted lower creation from the workforce. All in all, assorted variety is the best resource in an association; it ought to thusly be obtained and developed before it is applied. An opportunity to actualize assorted variety in associations is currently. Partnerships should in this manner step up to the plate of obtaining and development their Diversity Programs for them to accomplish adequacy. Corporate pioneers ought to rethink their own differing endeavors to acquire development and accomplishment over the long haul. They ought to anyway be completely mindful of points of interest and weaknesses of Diversity Programs and search for a method of managing its shortcomings.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Diversity in an association explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cramer, Vincent. Assorted variety: A Capitalist’s Dream. Boston: Convergence Media, Inc, 2003. Hubbard, Edward. The Bu siness Case for Diversity. California: Hubbard Inc, 2009.

How to Use Academic Essay Writing Samples

How to Use Academic Essay Writing SamplesHow does one go about writing an academic essay? Is it as easy as ripping apart the first academic essay you come across in the library or do you have to sit down and stare at an essay written by someone hundreds of years ago? Academic writing is no different from any other writing. Academic essay writing samples are now available online, that would show you just how to put together a quality academic paper.One of the best places to start is with writing samples from people who are not necessarily well known, but they have to be good writers, otherwise why pay them? Some of the professional writers will offer their writing samples to those who would like to improve their work and make it look more professional.There are those who will supply you with samples that will provide you with basic analytical skills for your paper. These samples are used to give students practice and be familiar with the way that a reader might respond to the same top ic in a paper. This can also help you find some of the common mistakes that you would want to avoid.In addition to this, a sample of the kind of essay that you would like to write will be very helpful in directing your research into making the right choices and avoiding those that you would not want to include in your paper. This is especially true for the essay that you are writing for your university or college admissions. You will want to make sure that your paper is one that is thoughtful and provides the best answer to the question that you are trying to answer.There are many approaches that you can take when writing an essay and you should be able to find a template that you like and that best fits your personality. For instance, if you tend to like action-filled essays then you can choose something that fits your style of writing. Similarly, if you are more of a more analytical type of person then you might want to choose a more analytical type of essay that is based on facts and figures. If you happen to be a writer who loves wordplay then it might be best for you to choose a style that utilizes the language that you know.If you have already decided on the type of essay that you would like to write then you need to spend some time doing research so that you can be aware of what styles are more common in academic writing. This will allow you to be prepared when you start writing. It is a good idea to begin doing some research before you actually write your essay so that you are aware of what types of essays are more popular and which ones are not.The best thing about academic writing samples is that you can do it online for free. If you do not have any writing samples then you can always use someone else's to help you out. It is a good idea to begin using someone else's because these samples can be free and you will never know if they are reliable.You can use a free sample as a guide when you are first starting to write your essay. At the same time, whe n you get better at writing you can use a sample of your own that you have created. This way you can be sure that you are producing an essay that is your own and not plagiarized.

Why Is the Aral Sea Shrinking

The Aral Sea is located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and was once the fourth largest lake in the world. Scientists believe it was formed about 5.5 million years ago when geologic uplift prevented two rivers—Amu Darya and Syr Darya—from flowing to their final destinations.   The Aral Sea used to have an area of 26,300 sq miles and produce thousands of tons of fish for the local economy annually. But since the 1960s, it has been catastrophically shrinking. The Main Cause—Soviet Canals In the 1940s, the European USSR was going through a widespread drought and famine, and as a result, Stalin launched what is known as the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature. Its purpose was to improve the overall agriculture of the country. The Soviet Union turned lands of the Uzbek SSR into cotton plantations—which operated on a system of forced labor—and ordered the construction of irrigation canals to provide water to the crops in the middle of the plateau of the region.   These hand-dug, irrigation canals moved water from the Anu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, the same rivers that fed the freshwater into the Aral Sea. Even though the irrigation wasnt very efficient and a lot of water leaked or evaporated in the process, the system of canals, rivers, and the Aral Sea were fairly stable until the 1960s.   However, in that same decade, the Soviet Union decided to expand the canal system and drain more water from the two rivers, suddenly draining the Aral Sea considerably. The Destruction of the Aral Sea Thus, in the 1960s, the Aral Sea began shrinking quite rapidly, with the lakes level dropping 20-35 inches yearly. By 1987, it dried up so much that instead of one lake, there were now two: the Large Aral (south) and the Small Aral (north).   While up to 1960, the water level was about 174 ft above sea level, it suddenly dropped to 89 ft in the Large Lake and 141 in the Small Lake. Yet, the world wasnt aware of this tragedy up until 1985; the Soviets kept the facts secret. In the 1990s, after gaining independence, Uzbekistan changed their way of exploiting the land, but their new cotton policy contributed to the further shrinkage of the Aral Sea. At the same time, the top and bottom waters of the lake were not mixing well, which caused the salinity levels to be highly uneven, thus allowing the water to evaporate from the lake even faster. As a result, in 2002, the southern lake shrunk and dried up to become an eastern lake and a western lake, and in 2014, the eastern lake completely evaporated and disappeared, leaving behind the desert called Aralkum, instead.   End of the Fishing Industry The Soviet Union was aware of some of the threats their economic decision posed to the Aral Sea and its region, but they regarded the cotton crops as far more valuable than the areas fishing economy. Soviet leaders also felt the Aral Sea was unneeded since the water that flowed in basically evaporated with nowhere to go. Prior to the evaporation of the lake, the Aral Sea produced about 20,000 to 40,000 tons of fish a year.  This was reduced to a low of 1,000 tons of fish a year at the height of the crisis. And today, instead of supplying food to the region, the shores have become ship graveyards, a curiosity for occasional travelers. If you happen to visit the former coastal towns and villages around the Aral Sea, youll be able to witness the long-abandoned piers, harbors, and boats. Restoring the Northern Aral Sea In 1991, the Soviet Union was disbanded, and Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan became the new official homes to the vanishing Aral Sea. Since then, Kazakhstan, along with UNESCO and a multitude of other organizations, have been working to resuscitate  the Aral Sea. Kok-Aral Dam The first innovation that helped save part of the Aral Sea fishing industry was Kazakhstans construction of the Kok-Aral Dam on the southern shore of the northern lake, thanks to support from the World Bank. Since the end of its construction in 2005, this dam has helped the northern lake to grow. Before its construction, the sea was 62 miles away from Aralsk, a port city, but it started growing back, and in 2015 the sea was only 7.5 miles away from the port town. Other Initiatives The second innovation has been the construction of the Komushbosh Fish Hatchery at the northern lake where they raise and stock the northern Aral Sea with  sturgeon, carp, and flounder. The hatchery was built with a grant from Israel.   Predictions are that thanks to those two major innovations, the northern lake of the Aral Sea could produce  10,000 to 12,000 tons a fish a year. Low Hopes for the Western Sea However, with the damming of the northern lake in 2005, the fate of the southern two lakes was nearly sealed and the autonomous northern Uzbek region of  Karakalpakstan will continue to suffer as the western lake continues to vanish.   Nonetheless, cotton still continues to be grown in Uzbekistan. As if following in the old USSR traditions, the country comes near a standstill during the harvest season, and almost every citizen is forced to volunteer each year.   Environmental and Human Catastrophe Besides the sad fact that the Aral Sea has been disappearing, its huge, dried-up lakebed is also a source of disease-causing dust that blows throughout the region.   The dried remnants of the lake contain not only salt and minerals but also pesticides like DDT that were once used in huge quantities by the Soviet Union (ironically, to make up for the lack of water). Additionally, the USSR once had a biological-weapons testing facility on one of the lakes within the Aral Sea.  Although now closed, the chemicals used at the facility help to make the destruction of the Aral Sea one of the great environmental  catastrophes  of human history. As a result, the entire ecosystem is affected, and it will take years to restore. Few crops grow in this region, furthering the use of pesticides and contributing to the vicious cycle. The fishing industry, as mentioned, has almost completely disappeared, also affecting other animals that used to live in this location. On a human level, because of the poor economy, people were forced into heavy poverty or they had to move. Toxins are present in the drinking water and have entered the food chain. Coupled with the scarcity of resources, this puts at risk the most vulnerable groups, and women and children of the region tend to suffer from many diseases. However, in 2000, UNESCO published a Water-Related Vision for the Aral Sea Basin for the Year 2025. It is considered to be the basis for positive actions that would lead to securing a bright and sustainable future for the Aral Sea region. With the other positive developments, there is perhaps hope for this unusual lake and the life dependent on it. Sources â€Å"UNESCO Launches New Aral Sea Basin Initiative.†Ã‚  UNESCO.Micklin, Philip, and Nikolay V. Aladin. â€Å"Reclaiming the Aral Sea.†Ã‚  Scientific American, vol. 298, no. 4, 2008, pp. 64–71.â€Å"Kazakhstan: Measuring the Northern Aral.†Ã‚  Stephenmbland, 2015.Greenberg, Ilan. â€Å"As a Sea Rises, So Do Hopes for Fish, Jobs, and Riches.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 6 Apr. 2006.â€Å"Water-Related Vision for the Aral Sea Basin for the Year 2025.†Ã‚  Unesdoc.unesco.org, UNESCO, Imprimerie Des Presses Universitaires De France, 2000.

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Youth Sport - 2482 Words

Each year, millions and millions of American children participate in one or more organized youth sport, both in the public and private sector (Coakley 2009). Youth sport has become an important part of our society as more and more children get involved in the complexity of sports. There are many benefits that come with the participation in youth sport including an increase in self-esteem, increase in confidence, moral development, better grades earned, reduced dropout among participants, fewer problems outside the classroom, increase in physical activity and decrease in obesity and health problems among others (Donaldson and Ronan 2006). With participation in youth sport also comes an increase in sports-related injuries, burnout, increased stress, and a need to achieve unrealistic expectations placed upon by parents and coaches (Coakley 2009). The goal of this paper is to examine the impacts, both the positive and the negative impacts, of participating in youth sport on the social re lationships of the children who participate in youth sports. The positive and negative impacts of participating in youth sports on a child’s social relationships will be further discussed. A child’s social system, in relation to this paper, includes the relationships with his or her parents, coaches and fellow teammates as a result of their participation in youth sport. It is important to note that a child’s participation in youth sport may affect the relationship that child has with his or herShow MoreRelatedYouth Sports Help Children Develop Values, And Teach Children1092 Words   |  5 Pagessomething. No matter how good you are, you will not always succeed. Youth sports help children develop values, and teach children resilience. Not only do they teach children values, but they teach children why it is important to be physically active. Youth sports teach children how to transfer values into the classroom and become a better student. However, there should be guidelines in place to support youth development and increas e a positive experience. Finally, we need to make sure our athletes are beingRead MoreThe Wearing Celebrity s Transgression And If Any Negative Implications Allotted By Purchasers1333 Words   |  6 Pagessee the wearing celebrity’s transgression and if any negative implications allotted by purchasers will stretch out to their brands. However this sample additionally demonstrates that those backers whose relationship with Woods was focused around his non-item characteristics, (for example, his uprightness, unwavering quality, trustworthiness and so on) were speedy to force their help, while those whose sponsorship is focused around the golfer’s item related traits (his playing golf achievement)Read MoreChallenge The Justice System Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesServices, the dynamic is strictly Aboriginal. According to Aboriginal Statistics at a Glance 2nd Edition (2015), he Aboriginal population represents 4.3 percent of Canada’s total population. Within the scope of this paper, the focus will be on Aboriginal youth in the community. Additionally, there will be an in-depth analysis of the unique needs of this group, there will be an assessment of those needs, followed by a provided reflection or solution to some of the issues present within this environment. Read MoreSports : The Negative Side Of Youth Sports903 Words   |  4 PagesMany people think that sports help children develop teamwork, self-confidence, moral character, and other personal strength but others see the negative side of youth sports, believing young athletes develop aggressive traits such as bullying and the need to dominate their opponents not just on but off the field as well. Youth sports have become far too intense, especially in contact sports. It is true that participation in youth athletics has a number of benefits such as the building self-confidenceRead MoreExtracurricular Activity Aiding Positive Development1501 Words   |  7 PagesBettering Students’ Lives: Extracurricular Activity Aiding in Positive Development More than half of American teenagers that attend school participate in some sort of organized activity (Gardner, Roth Brooks-Gunn, 2006). A structured organized activity may include athletic teams, school clubs and organizations like student council or drama club, youth groups, and more. Psychologists are becoming more and more interested in how adolescents are spending their leisure time and how it affects theirRead MoreWithout a doubt, professional athletics has a huge role in today’s society. In the United States,1500 Words   |  6 Pages Without a doubt, professional athletics has a huge role in today’s society. In the United States, sports such as Football and Basketball are among the most popular, and have a vast majority of the highest paid athletes in the world. However, the lack of education required by the professional organizations to participate in such high grossing and high paying fields is shocking. Completion of a college degree is not required, and players make a minimum salary of $500,000, which is $100,000 more thanRead MoreViolence in Sports1840 Words   |  7 PagesLevel 3 PE Violence in Sport and its impact on NZ society Gaby Sansom In my report, I am going to be examining the role that violence plays in New Zealand sport and its impact on the New Zealand society. I will be addressing this topic from a rugby perspective therefore most of my examples will be rugby related. This is because rugby is one of the main sports in New Zealand to the extent that it has become an icon for us. No matter where youRead MoreHelping At-Risk Teenagers Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesalcohol use, negative peer pressure, delinquency, sexual promiscuity and low self esteem, Parents have the awesome responsibility to teach their children; some important concepts to teach the youth are how to be a critical thinker and how to reason. By reasoning, we make sense of something and give it meaning in our mind. Once of the challenges youth face is to learn how their emotional life influences their learning. Emotions can assist or hinder learning. Parents can assist their youth is discoveringRead MorePositive Pictures Trade Between Bran ds Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesPositive pictures trade between brands in the midst of sponsorship brand collaboration (Simonin Ruth 1998) and this trade strategy is significantly convincing in recreations advancing as a result of the enthusiastic presentation of diversion use (Mahony and Moorman,2000). What we don t know is if or how purchasers manner towards the superstar changes? It is not clear whether our comprehension of brand picture trade connects with circumstances where transgressions by a hotshot realizes negativeRead MoreSports And Athletic Development Of Young Athletes1685 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom a young age (Wuerth, Lee, Alfermann, 2004). That role extends to sport and physical activity. Sport not only allows children to become physically active but it also helps children advance socially and mentally. The relationships that children make from sport are often some of their longest lasting friendships and the strategic and competitive aspects of sport push the mental capacity of young athletes. Since most sports are picked up at a young age, parents play a vital role in the athletic

The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx - 864 Words

Marx’s ideals of communism were drawn from the realization that the cycle of revolutions caused by the class struggles throughout history lead society nowhere. Society as a whole was more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes that were directly facing each other—bourgeoisie and proletariat. According to Marx, in order for society to further itself a mass proletarian revolution would have to occur. The bourgeois, who were the employers and owners of the means of production, composed the majority of the modern capitalists. It was these individuals that controlled the capitalist society by exploiting the labor provided by the proletariats. For example, the bourgeoisie make property into a right†¦show more content†¦Such a large employee workforce was no longer needed, but man was not completely replaced. The machines still needed to be operated which left many people with continued employment, only the addition of competi tion was added to the mix. However, the means of production were still present and that continued to let the bourgeoisie remain in power which Marx viewed as injustice of exploitation. Marx views capitalism in a multitude of ways, one of which was the theme of injustice of exploitation. The capitalist system is grounded, independently of this or that political economy, on the unpaid surplus labor of workers, giving rise to, through â€Å"surplus value,† all forms of rent and profit. The extreme manifestations of this social injustice are the exploitation of children, miserable wages, inhuman working hours, and the sordid conditions of working class life. To the bourgeoisie, the family was merely another factor of production. The bourgeoisie viewed his wife as property to be exploited. They viewed their children to be property and factors of production. Seeing as how labor was the proletariat’s only resource, Marx says, â€Å"Children transformed into simple articles of commerce and instruments of labor.† Marx was no proponent of abolition of the family. He was, however, in favor of removing the negative stigmas placed on the labor and gender rolesShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1044 Words   |  5 Pagesworld was forever changed when Karl Marx published The Communist Manifesto, the ideas of a stateless and classless society would inspire many, and forge the path that many nations would follow, and give rise to numerous conflicts throughout the 20th century. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany on May 5th 1818. During his early years he studied philosophy and law, in 1834 Marx had moved to Paris and had adopted a radical view of socialism known as communism. Marx met and became friends with aRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, has become one of the world s most significant pieces of political propaganda written to this date. The main contributor to the book was Karl Marx. Marx was born on May 5th, 1818 in Western Germany. When he turned seventeen he enrolled at the University of Bonn to study law. Due to his social misbehavior, his father had him transferred to the University of Berlin, which had a stricter regime. During this time at college, heRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn their work called The Communist Manifesto, which was created in 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are exploring their ideas and thoughts on the situation that was taking place in their time : the distinction that was more and more visible between two social classes - proletariat and bourgeoisie. The two authors are explaining how the bourgeoisie is exploiting the working class. They are encouraging the oppressed workers to rise and to confront this injustice in order to make their life betterRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx1094 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rich and the o ppressed would battle the oppressor. During the time â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† was written, we can see two distinct classes battling out as well. These two classes are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. According to Karl Marx in â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, the battle will end â€Å"either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes† (Marx 8). Marx argues that in the end the proletariat would remain because the bourgeoisie areRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1112 Words   |  5 PagesFail- Past, Present, and Future Karl Marx was born in Prussia in 1818. Later in his life he became a newspaper editor and his writings ended up getting him expelled by the Prussian authorities for its radicalism and atheism (Perry 195). He then met Fredrich Engels and together they produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848, for the Communist League. This piece of writing basically laid out Marx’s theory of history in short form (Coffin 623). The Communist Manifesto is mainly revolved around how societyRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is undoubtedly one the the most influential and controversial writers in modern history; Robert Tucker, a noted political scientist at Princeton University, once asserted, â€Å"[Marx] profoundly affected ideas about history, society, economics, ideology, culture, and politics [and] about the nature of social inquiry itself. No other intellectual influence has so powerfully shaped the mind of modern left-wing radicalism in most parts of the world.† (9). Indeed, his innumerable works, in particularRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is undoubtedly one the most influential and controversial writers in modern history; Robert Tucker, a noted political scientist at Princeton University, once asserted, â€Å"[Marx] profoundly affected ideas about history, society, economics, ideology, culture, and politics [and] about the nature of social inquiry itself. No other intellectual influence has so powerfully shaped the mind of modern left-wing radicalism in most parts of the world.† (9). Indeed, his innumerable works, in particularRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe Communist Manifesto composed by Karl Marx in 1848 is noted as a standout amongst the most powerful political archives on the planet. The distribution of the book earned Marx the notoriety of a conspicuous humanist and political scholar. Regardle ss of his eminence, there are numerous discussions concerning the thoughts and ideas of socialism figured in the papers that are still heatedly faced off regarding even today. Marx (1998) opened the book with, The historical backdrop of all up to thisRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Communist Manifesto, a document that first proclaimed the ideology of communism itself, Marx declared that the â€Å"history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx, Karl and Frederick Engels). As a man who spurred resentment of governments and inspired revolutionaries, Karl Marx is often regarded as a man who led to the rise of 20th century tyrannical dictators such as Stalin and Mao to take power. His ideas are regarded as failures and, by some, are seen asRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto993 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx published The Communist Manifesto in 1848, and with it a public warning to capi talists that the entire economic, social and political systems would soon crumble. His prediction continues by stating where society was headed as a result of bourgeoisie economics: a revolution by the workers and the eventual ushering in of socialism. Soon after Marx publicized the reasons communism would come to conquer capitalism, riots, strikes and general unrest surfaced in France – just as he predicted

Corporate Social Responsibility for Apple iphone - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility for Apple iphone. Answer: Apples supply chain management has provided the company with flexibility for meeting the fluctuating demand, as ninety percent parts of Apples iphone were being manufactured overseas. Offshore outsourcing however, helped in reducing operation costs of Apple, but it decreased the companys control as well as monitoring over the manufacturing practices and processes. Due to the absence of monitoring, the work procedures of suppliers and employees were very difficult to look after. It also hampered the corporate social responsibilities of the company. With different stakeholders and expectations, it became difficult to manage the consumers demands and satisfaction. It also became hard to manage the buyer and supplier relationship which hampered the companys progress. Moreover, challenges arose when differences in the organizations procedures, questioned its objectives (Fontaine, 2013). Apple was responsible for violating human rights. Foxconn was one of the oldest and biggest suppliers of Apple, which came into limelight when a worker committed suicide due to some issues related to the company. Later that incident, more eighteen workers attempted to commit suicide and fourteen died. Poor working conditions and ill labor practices were the main reasons for this. After the Foxconn incident, another supplier of the company, Pegatron also faced crisis when they used juvenile workforce. Moreover, women rights were violated which was assisted by excessive hours of working, poor working conditions and environmental pollution (Josephs, 2012). It is reasonable for the company to apply various ethical standards in different countries to cut the costs. However, the company must correspond to the countries ethical standards rather than doing whatever they like. The ethical standards of different countries vary because of their different legal, political, social and cultural environments. In the developing countries people mostly care about their welfare and to earn money for feeding their family. Therefore, the company needs high ethical norms in developed countries like United States, Japan and others. For example; they must offer higher rates to the employees. However, in developing countries, with lower social norms and ethics, the company should apply lower standards of ethics and meet the lowest levels of the country (Savitz, 2013). Media plays a key role in shaping Apples corporate social responsibility expectations. Moreover, with the advent of social media it has become much easier. The strategies of media and social media have helped in shaping as well as reshaping the companys CSR expectations. Through transparent and authentic conversations via media and social media, it has become easier to understand the consumers behavior and attitude. It has also become easier to influence them by maintaining a good relationship. Media and social media help in promoting the good works of the company, which in turn proves beneficial for the companys success and growth. Moreover, online networking helps in improving the image of the brand externally. It also boosts the companys morale (Fontaine, 2013). Apple took many steps regarding its corporate social responsibility challenges which are face in the companys supply chain. The company is even working on their issues in order to improve their working conditions and procedures. It is engaging more in monitoring and tracking activities, in order to keep a track on the offshore operations. To regain the control, the company is focusing more on bringing its manufacturing units back to United States. Furthermore, they are trying to stress on robotization and automation in future. They would like to engage in more CSR activities in order to improve their customer base and attain their loyalty (Kesavan, Bernacchi Mascarenhas, 2013). References Fontaine, M. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and sustainability: the new bottom line?.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(4). Josephs, H. K. (2012). Production Chains and Workplace Law Violations: The Case of Apple and Foxconn.Global Bus. L. Rev.,3, 211. Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M. D., Mascarenhas, O. A. (2013). Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media.International Management Review,9(1), 58. Savitz, A. (2013).The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons.

Langston Hughes Essays (2254 words) - Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes "Hughes' efforts to create a poetry that truly evoked the spirit of Black America involved a resolution of conflicts centering around the problem of identity" (Smith 358). No African American poet, writer, and novelist has ever been appreciated by every ethnic society as much as Langston Hughes was. Critics argue that Hughes reached that level of prominence, because all his works reflected on his life's experience, whether they have been good or bad. He never wrote one single literary piece that did not contain an underlying message within the specific work; in other words, all his works had a definite purpose behind them. Providing that the reader has some insight about the life of this great poet, he can readily arrive to the conclusion that Hughes' life effected his works to the fullest extent, even when only breezing through Langston Hughes' works. Langston Hughes, "one of the most original and versatile of twentieth-century black writers" (Shirley 1), was born on February 1st, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. When Hughes was still a baby, his father, James Nathaniel Hughes, abandoned the family and left for Mexico. As soon as she divorced her husband, his mother, Carrie Langston Hughes, a schoolteacher struggling to acquire a permanent job position, had to place him under the caring arm of his grandmother, Mary Sampson Patterson Leary. Hughes' grandmother "helped inspire in him a devotion to the cause of social justice" (Rampersad 55), for her first husband died fighting at Harpers Ferry under John Brown, and her second husband became a fierce abolitionist. Being always a lonely child, Hughes turned to reading and poetry early in his life. Developing a great respect for writers like Paul Dunbar and Carl Sandburg, he soon began writing his own poems. Shortly after submitting a few poems to the school's magazine editor, Hughes' poems could be read by everyone at Central High School, a local Cleveland school he was attending. After his graduation, Hughes attempted to peacefully reunite with his father, who was now a wealthy lawyer in Mexico, in order to ask for money so he could pursue a quality post-high school education. After his unsuccessful attempt, Hughes returned to the United States, deciding that his faith will lie only in his hands. On his way back, Hughes wrote one of his most famous poems "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," readily admitting that he wrote the best when he was sad and depressed" (Early 26). In 1921, Hughes spent a year at Columbia University, however, just to find out that he did not make the right choice, for colleges were still discriminating regularly. Looking for jobs, he landed a position as a seaman on the SS Malone that brought him closer to his own race emotionally, by traveling to Africa and Europe. "Although he was almost constantly at sea, his poems got published regularly in African-American magazines such as the Crisis." (Rampersad 118). By this time, Hughes already established himself as the young star of the New Negro Renaissance. As time passed, a young, unskilled, position-seeking Hughes became a bus boy at the prominent Wardman Park Hotel in Washington D.C.. After Vachel Lindsay recited three of his poems, which Hughes intentionally left by Vachel's plate, he received slight attention from different publishers. When Hughes won his first poetry award in 1925 through a contest by a journal called Negro Life, his award winning poem got him further recognition, that would eventually lead to his first book, The Weary Blues. Soon enough, "through his poetry, from a kind and generous woman who had shown interest in his work, came a scholarship" (Smith 359). Four years later, in 1929, Hughes graduated from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania with a B.A.. Never even thinking about his young age, other authors selected Hughes to become the leader of the Harlem Renaissance, a literary circle of black writers focusing on the social problems blacks had to endure. Along with writers like Countee Cullen, Wallace Thurman and others, he struggled to prove that the great spirit or skill of writing tremendous pieces of literature lies within the white and the black mind and body. When jazz stepped into the picture, being the most popular music of that time, Hughes effectively turned a bit more toward jazz, writing his poems in a distinctive rhythm and beat. "I can not recall the name of one single person, who at the age of twenty-seven, has enjoyed so picturesque and rambling existence as Langston Hughes" (Smith 363). Hughes also started writing short novels, plays and songs. His play The Mulatto,

Decriminalization is “the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; The WritePass Journal

Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; IntroductionConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction Decriminalization is â€Å"the reduction or abolition of criminal penalties in relation to certain acts; while decriminalized acts are no longer crimes, they may still be the subject of regulation†.Decriminalization eliminates jail time for drug users but maintains criminal penalties for dealers. Penalties for people caught dealing and trafficking drugs are unchanged; dealers are still jailed and subjected to fines depending on the crime. This essay discusses the some of the issues involved in the proposition that the supply of Class A opiate containing drugs should be decriminalized. In the last 40 years the United Kingdom has developed a way of regulating drugs using a complex legislative framework. There are two major acts of parliament regulating drugs; the Medicines Act 1968 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Many of the drugs controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 are also controlled under the Medicines Act 1968 as they are also used in clinical medicine. There is no known statistically significant correlation between intensity or harshness of prohibitive law enforcement on drugs in different countries and the levels of drug use in said countries.   Nevertheless despite massive enforcement efforts likened to a war, the use of â€Å"high harm causing drugs† has risen dramatically over the last few decades. A 2008 World Health Organisation study comparing drug use and different enforcement regimes across the world shows the marginal role for enforcement levels in drug taking decisions. The study’s headline conclusion was: â€Å"Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly and is not simply related to drug policy, since countries with stringent user-level illegal drug policies did not have lower levels of use than countries with liberal ones.† The main benefits described by supporters of prohibition is that prohibition will reduce levels of drug use, firstly by restricting availability of drugs and secondly through the purposed deterrent effect of the criminal consequences of using illegal drugs. These effects are however poorly supported by evidence. Prohibition protects suppliers by keeping the distribution in the black market and it also creates the risk that makes smuggling illegal drugs very profitable. Therefore after the demand for drugs has been established the profits from supplying such drugs are so great that they incentivize supply despite the risk of criminal consequences. The associated risks end up being factored into the price increase that results from it. The main benefits described by supporters of decriminalization are based on the hypothesis that the legally regulated supply of drugs will draw its trade out of illegality and therefore reduce crime rates related to such illegal trade. By providing quality-controlled drugs under the guidance and supervision of licensed individuals, the health of the drug users would improve. It is also hypothesized that decriminalization would improve access of and increase uptake of addiction treatment. In Portugal drug use was decriminalised nearly 10 years ago. Despite warnings by the opposers of decriminalization of drug use in Portugal, reported rates of drug usage have been declining. This decline however has not been found in the 19-24 age group as a large proportion of this group had already begun consuming drugs before decriminalization. However, younger people growing up since decriminalization, appear less attracted to illicit drug use when compared to their elders who grew up when possess ion and use was criminalised. Other statistics demonstrate a similar picture; there was a marked decline in the number of convictions for supply-related offences, the incidence of HIV and AIDS among intravenous drug users declined and newly reported infections of Hepatitis B and C declined. Drug-related deaths have also decreased significantly. Evidence from several different sources all points to decreasing drug use in Portugal since decriminalization rather than the feared increase; a very persuasive argument against decriminalization. The decision to completely prohibit a good or service that is in demand can generally only be justified in economic terms if the net cost of prohibition will be less than the alternative regulatory policy options. Thus the effect of enforcement efforts on drug availability and price, and how they impact on levels of drug consumption, needs to be considered. The market value of illegal drugs increases greatly as they travel along the various links in the supply chain ; the closer it gets to the consumer the more the price increases. There are three main factors that together determine the harm associated with any drug of potential abuse: the physical harm to the individual user caused by the drug, the tendency of the drug to induce dependence, and the effect the drug use has on families, communities, and society.   In general drugs that lead to intense intoxication are associated with huge costs; costs to systems of health care, social care, and the police. In 2003 Tony Blair commissioned a report on United Kingdom and International Drug policy from the number 10 Strategy Unit (SU). What emerged in Phase 1 of the reporting process, titled ‘Understanding the Issues’, was a â€Å"thorough and clinical analysis by some of the best policy minds in the UK†.   It stated that â€Å"supply-side enforcement interventions are actively counterproductive†. In summary the SU report demonstrated that: Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the production of drugs Prohibition has failed to prevent or reduce the trafficking and/or availability of drugs Prohibition has failed to reduce levels of problematic drug use Prohibition has inflated prices of heroin and cocaine, leading some dependent users to commit large volumes of acquisitive crime. Even if such supply interventions could further increase prices, this could increase harms, as dependent users commit more crime to support their habits. The SU report also noted that patterns of use often rise and fall independently of price. Price changes tend to have different effects on different populations; lower income users will in general be more responsive to price changes, as they have a proportionally bigger impact on disposable income. Dependent users will show consumption patterns that are generally more price in-elastic. Based on the SU report it can be concluded that prohibitive legislation comes at great financial cost to the United Kingdom. It therefore makes sense to look at the financial costs associated with legal state regulation. The Home Office published a report in 2002   (which was updated in 2006 ) that estimated the economic and social costs of Class A drug use to be  £15.4 billion in 2003/04. The cost of drug-related crime was 90% of this total. The Transform Drug Policy Foundation (TDPF) published a report in April 2009 describing an initial analysis supporting   legally regulated drug supply. This TDPF paper on cost-effectiveness estimated that the total crime, health and other social costs of Class A drug use (in this report heroin and cocaine only) in England and Wales in 2003/04 was  £16.785 billion under the current prohibitionist regime. The most striking conclusion of the TDPF report is that â€Å"prohibition of drugs is the root cause of almost all drug-related acquisitive crime, and that this crime constitutes the majority of drug-related harms and costs to society.† The Report also states that legal regulation   would â€Å"deliver substantial benefits to the treasury and wider community, even in the unlikely event of a substantial increase in use.†Ã‚   The TDPF paper on Cost-Effectiveness estimated the net annual benefit of a move from prohibition to legal state regulation and control of drug markets, using four scenario’s varying from a â€Å"50% fall in use† to â€Å"100% increase in use†, to give a net benefit between  £13.943 billion and  £4.616 billion.   So even in the highly unlikely event of heroin and cocaine use increasing by 100%, the net benefit of a move to regulation and control looks to be substantial. These figures do not seem to be widely known though. According to the TDPF Summary and Briefing paper on the SU report, the findings were â€Å"not made public because its findings undermined the tenets of global drug prohibition†.   The SU report would have put the United Kingdom Government in an awkward position as it is a signatory, and therefore supporter, to the UN’s 1998 10-year drug strategy, whose stated goal is â€Å"A Drug Free World – We Can Do It!† The UN Strategy supports prohibition as the way forward in the so called War on Drugs†. The SU report however demonstrates the opposite; d ecriminalization appears to be, at least financially, a more favorable approach to the problem. A frequently heard argument against legal state regulation is that decriminalisation will encourage drug use and increase use in current dependants. There is however no evidence that when Class A drugs are made available on prescription to dependent users, that levels of use rise. There is however some evidence that other related factors , such as de-stigmatisation and increased access to and contact with service providers, means that prescribed users are in fact more likely to utilise services and thus reduce or even cease use. In December of 2003 Phase 2 of the SU report, titled ‘Diagnosis and Recommendations’, was produced. The Phase II report focuses on the harms caused by the population of problematic heroin and crack users who are responsible for a disproportionately large number of prohibition-related crimes, rather than questioning how prohibition has created these crimes in the first instance (as identified in the Phase 1 report) .   The Phase II report noted that â€Å"Supply-side interventions have a limited role to play in reducing harm initiation into problematic drug use is not driven by changes in availability or price. Risk factors, particularly relating to deprivation, are the prime determinant of initiation into problematic drug use; price and availability play a secondary role, and there is no causal relationship between drug availability and   incidence.Nevertheless in this Phase II of the report, Phase 1’s critique of supply side interventions was sidelined, and an intensification of demand side measures aimed at high harm causing users (HHCUs) was recommended. The aim was to reduce property crime associated with fundraising to support a habit. This later culminated in recommendations in the new 2005 Drugs Act described by TDPF as â€Å"election-time populist†. A similar approach was seen when Professor Nutt published a report in October 2009 in which he stated that alcohol and tobacco were more harmful than many illegal drugs, including LSD, ecstasy and cannabis. The day after publication Professor Nutt was asked to resign as chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD). Nutt responded in the press by stating he was; â€Å"disappointed by the decision but linked it to political considerations†.The forced resignation of Nutt raised concerns amongst committee members over the independence of advice to the government and triggered five further resignations. Another two committee members resigned in spring 2010 over the decision of the ACMD to make Mephedrone illegal claiming they felt that the decision was unduly based on media and political pressure†. Early in 2010 David Nutt founded the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, the goal of his new committee is to complement and eventually supersede the ACMD by à ¢â‚¬Å"providing independent advice that is untainted by government interference†. Since the ACMD was set up in 1971, UK governments have nearly always acted upon their advice; in 1978 the recommendation to downgrade cannabis from class B to C was rejected. In 2002 the ACMD looked again at the status of Cannabis at request of the Home Secretary who accepted the recommendation to downgrade Cannabis from B to C. However in 2008 the Home Secretary rejected advice from the ACMD to keep Cannabis at class C, and in 2009 the Home Secretary vetoed the   ACMD recommendation that Ecstasy be downgraded from class A. It is therefore not possible for the government to uphold the claim that the UK’s drug policy is evidence based. Nutt goes a step further by stating it is also not based on ‘harm’; in 2010 Nutt et al published a multi-criteria decision analysis which showed that heroin, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine were the most harmful drugs to individuals, whereas alcohol, heroin, and crack cocaine were the most harmful to others. Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug, with heroin and crack cocaine in second and third places. Based on these findings Nutt et al conclude that† the present drug classification systems have little relation to the evidence of harm.† Conclusion The decisions taken by successive Governments show that prohibition is being pursued as it is seen as too dangerous politically to promote decriminalisation regardless of the overwhelming arguments to take a different stance. A cost benefit analysis such as described in the different Home Office and TDPF papers is a Utilitarian approach to the problem. It is impossible to ascribe monetary values to what is the heartbreaking suffering of drug dependency and its consequences. Nevertheless as stated in the TDPF report such analysis has its place; it provokes discussion, and also rationalises the debate for policy makers who have to make these seemingly cold and utilitarian policy decisions frequently. The TDPF report concludes that there is a far higher human cost under the current policy of criminally controlled drug markets than would occur under policy alternatives involving state control and regulation. Possibly the time has come for a more utilitarian approach to the human problem of drug-dependency. Given the current economic climate perhaps more politicians will be open to a different viewpoint and solution to a longstanding and to date unresolved problem. Bibliography Brian Vastag.† 5 Years After: Portugals Drug Decriminalization Policy Shows Positive Results† The Scientific American (7 April 2009) scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=portugal-drug-decriminalization (accessed 9/2/2011). Christine Godfrey et al. â€Å"Home Office Research Study 249-The economic and social costs David Nutt et al. ‘Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse’ (2007) Lancet 369, 1047-1053. David Nutt et al. â€Å"Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis† (2010) Lancet 376, 1558-1565. David Nutt. â€Å"Estimating drug harms: a risky business?† Eve Saville Lecture 2009. (2009) crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus1714/Estimating_drug_harms.pdf (accessed 03/03/2011). Degenhardt et al. â€Å"Toward a Global View of Alcohol, Tobacco, Cannabis, and Cocaine Use: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.† (July 2008) vol 5, issue 7, 1053-1067. www.plosmedicine.org (accessed 26/02/2011). Douglas N. Husak. â€Å"Guns and Drugs: case studies on the principled limits of the Criminal sanction†. (2004) Law Phil. 23(5), 437-493. Gerald Kennely. â€Å"Regulating the trade in recreational drugs†. (2001) E.J.L. E. 11(1), 69-82. Glenn Greenwald (CATO Institute). â€Å"Drug Decriminalization in Portugal: Lessons for Creating Fair and Successful Drug Policies† (2009) cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/greenwald_whitepaper.pdf   (accessed 25/02/2011). Home Office. Home Office Online report 16/06.   â€Å"Measuring different aspects of problem drug use: methodological developments (2nd edition) (2006) http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs06/rdsolr1606.pdf (accessed 26/02/2011). Neil Boister. â€Å"Decriminalising the personal use of Cannabis in the United Kingdom: does international law leave room for maneuver† (2001) Crim. L. R. Mar, 171-183. of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000† (2002) http://rds.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/hors249.pdf (accessed 26/02/2011). Rebecca Kuepper et al. â€Å"Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study†. (2011) BMJ 342:d738. bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d738 (accessed 05/03/2011) Simon Russell, James McVeigh. ‘Next generation challenges: An overview of harm reduction 2010, IHRA’s 21st Conference’ (2011) Int J Drug Policy, 22, 82-86. Transform Drug Policy Foundation â€Å"Drugs Bill 2005-Lords Second Reading Briefing† tdpf.org.uk/TransformresponseDrugsBill2.pdf (accessed 02/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. ‘After the war on drugs: Blueprint for regulation (executive summary)’ (2009) tdpf.org.uk/AboutUs_Publications.htm (accessed 22/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"A Comparison of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Prohibition and Regulation of Drugs† (2009) tdpf.org.uk/AboutUs_Publications.htm (accessed 07/02/2009). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"Number 10 Strategy Unit Drugs Project, Phase 1 Report: â€Å"Understanding the Issues† Transform Summary and Briefing† (June 2003) tdpf.org.uk/Policy_General_Strategy_Unit_Drugs_Report_phase_1.htm (accessed 25/02/2011). Transform Drug Policy Foundation. â€Å"Number 10 Strategy Unit Drugs Project, Phase 1 Report: â€Å"Understanding the Issues†.† tdpf.org.uk/Policy_General_Strategy_Unit_Drugs_Report_phase_1.htm (accessed 02/03/2011)

Choose two books from list and summarize each book and then explain Essay

Choose two books from list and summarize each book and then explain how they compare and or contrast - Essay Example Wolfgang and Ferracuti offer explanations for the factors that drive homicide and other forms of violent criminal conduct. Ultimately the authors provide a generalized concept of the subculture of violence. Wilson and Hernstein argue that many of the theories that explain criminal behavior are based on erroneous conclusions (Wilson and Hernstein 41). For example, theorizing that economic difficulties increases the incidents of crime can encourage expectation of increased crime during â€Å"economic recessions† but will at the same time direct attention away from the possibility that â€Å"prosperity† could increase criminal conduct by loosening â€Å"social bonds† (Wilson and Hernstein 41). The fact is, there are number of factors that influence individual behavior and any realistic approach to theories in criminology must take account of the different factors that drive â€Å"individual decisions† (Wilson and Hernstein 42). It is against this background that Wilson and Hernstein bring together most of what has been gleaned from the practice of criminal justice and academic discourse such as economics, sociology, psychology and philosophy and apply this information to ascertain the underlying contributing factors to crime. The authors then come to the conclusion that there are three root causes of crime. By looking at the statistics on the young male population, Wilson and Hernstein come to the conclusion that boys with low intelligence and anger problems are predisposed to commit crimes. It therefore follows that if boys fitting that criteria increase among the population, an increase in criminal conduct will follow (Wilson and Hernstein, 104-172). In other words, the increased population of unintelligent, ill-disciplined boys in a community corresponds with an escalation in crime. The second set of factors that contribute to the propensity for criminal behavior is the potential

Naturalistic Observation Assignment Research Paper

Naturalistic Observation Assignment - Research Paper Example The mother is dressed in a black pair of jeans, with what seems to be a white top; the latter is overshadowed with the thick cape she wear around her. The child is also wrapped around a big cloth, and the exact attire is beyond visual range. The husband wears blue jeans and a green cardigan, apart from the seemingly thick glasses that rest on his nose. The mother seems tired, and is holding the child in her lap. She is surrounded by two small bags, one of which seems to contain the accessories of the child. She constantly is looking here and there, outside towards the sky, then towards the magnanimous screen that shows the status of all flights - delayed! The husband is sitting besides her, and trying in vain to concentrate on a newspaper. She repeatedly addresses him, and despite a small shiver of the lips, he remains engrossed in the paper. The child is finding this ordeal uncomfortable, and after every few minutes, there is an evident stretching and retraction of limbs - something that adds to the irritability of the mother. She turns again to the husband while saying something, and he looks back, again in silence. He then gets up and goes to the inquiry desk, and trots over with minimal enthusiasm on his face. He tries to find away amongst the dozens that line around the counter, possibly asking the exact same question to the flabbergasted official. The same resolute reply, gives anguish to many, and aggression to the others. The wife keeps looking at his gait, and upon his return, he murmurs something that adds a helpless frown to the wife's face. Second 10 minute period She continues to say something fretful to the husband, ended by a firm groan. With a sudden 'ok', the husband swiftly but carefully turn to his side, and grasps the existence of the child around his arms, and onto his lap. Suddenly feeling lighter, the wife stretches her legs with her hands on her knees to make sure they still move the way she wants. She again turns over to the husband, but this time without a frown, and asks if he would like to have something to drink. A nod in negation from him serves the answer, while she digs into her bag, and comes forth with a steel flask. She pours something from the flask into the cap which now is the cup, and quickly escaping steam vouches for the fact that it is still hot. Once in her hand, she again looks at her husband and stretches her arm towards him, offering him the cup again. Not being able to withstand the head-on aroma of the beverage, his eyes brightened. The wife saw that, and seeing that his arms were locked around the child, s he gave him a sip from the cup with her own hand, and then treated herself as well. Final 20 minute period After viewing the initial interaction between them, I came to the hypothesis that the wife is more likely to take the lead in the conversion. Being temporarily relieved of the slight stress she was in, she was more likely to start afresh, and deal with the situation constructively. They did start talking, and it was actually the wife taking the driving seat. However, this time, there was a greater participation from the side of the husband than a silent nod or an inaudible murmur. To add, their mood also seemed to have transgressed into a different zone for a while, and they for once actually started looking outside

Huckelberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Huckelberry Finn Essay I have decided to analyze three different journal articles related to the novel ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’, written by Mark Twain in 1884. I chose this topic because the novel is widely considered a masterpiece. In fact, Ernest Hemingway described its importance with the following sentence: â€Å"All modern American literature comes from a book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn’. In addition, the topic has a great interest because the novel has always been a subject of controversy due to racial issues and the alleged praise of juvenile delinquency that it portrays. The three articles that and I am going to comment on are the following: 1) Huckleberry Finn and America (Chicago Tribune, January 17, 2002) 2) Huck Finn, Censorship and the N-word Controversy, by Delia Lloyd (www. politicsdaily. com, January 6, 2011) 3) Light out, Huck, They Still Want to ‘Sivilize’ You, by Michiko Kakutani (The New York Times, January 6, 2011). Look more:  satirical play essay In order to compare and analyse these three articles, I am going to focus on two main points: the overall opinion that the authors of the different articles have about the book (which is usually very good) and what they comment on the controversial matters that  novel deals with. First of all, I will concentrate on the overall opinion that the authors express regarding ‘Huckleberry Finn’. On article 1, the author (whose name is not revealed) defines the novel in the following terms: ‘Few books in the U. S history have been as influential—or as controversial—as â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Furthermore, he added: ‘ â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† not only has survived the efforts to bury it, it has thrived and it has grown as a teaching tool’. As we could see, the author praises the novel strongly. In addition, he rejects the most critical opinions and defends Twain’s intentions (†¦Twain was  skewering hatred and racism, intolerance and religious bigotry, royalty and imperialism’). In the case of article 2, the author, Delia Lloyd, does not express a clear opinion about the novel itself. However, she declares herself as â€Å"a devotee of Mark Twain’, so it is likely to think that he has quite a positive opinion about the novel. Regarding article 3, its author, Michiko Kakutani, quotes Hemingway’s famous sentence about Twain at the beginning of the article. Apart from that, there are not any more explicit opinions about the novel itself. However, a thorough reading of the article evidences a strong defence of it, and the author shows a very defiant attitude with those who criticize it. In terms of controversy, the articles express different opinions and ideas, and the authors make clear what they think about the nature and the novel and the convenience of altering it. For instance, it is important to point out the different dates in which the articles were written. Whereas article 1 was written in 2002, articles 2 3 were written the very same day (January 6, 2011) and were triggered by the same cause (a university  professor, Alan Gribben, had written a new version of ‘Huckleberry Finn’ replacing controversial words such as ‘nigger’ or ‘injun’ for more neutral, inoffensive terms). The author of article 1 is very critical with those who aim to disapprove the novel. In fact, he stated: ‘Twain wrote satire, and there are glorious lessons in his books even if they ruffle readers or appear, simply in the telling of the unvarnished truth, to somehow glorify injustice and racism’. In addition, he ends the article with a sentence that leaves no doubt about his opinion regarding racial and social controversy arisen by the novel. (‘Huckleberry Finn is a glorious celebration of friendship and tolerance triumphing over the racism and hypocrisy of the day. That is why it’s a hard book to read—and why it is one of the greatest works of American Literature’). Delia Lloyd express a somehow ambiguous opinion about whether is convenient or not to introduce changes in the novel. On the one hand, she says to be ‘sympathetic’ with several authors quoted in her article, who are in clear contrast with Gribben’s version of the novel (for instance, Matt Blum is quoted as saying ‘How can we expect children to learn real history if we sanitize it for them? ’, whereas Elon James White argues that ‘the only way to get Americans to deal openly and honestly with prejudice is to force students to be uncomfortable with terms that—unpleasant though they may be—are part and parcel of our country’s blatantly racist past’). On the other hand, Delia Lloyd also makes some positive remarks about Gribben’s ideas later on in the article, probably based upon her experience as a mother (‘As a parent, however, I’m less sympathetic to Gribben’s critics’, or ‘†¦there are more practical reasons to think that having a cleaned-up version of â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† isn’t, as Salon’s. Mary Elizabeth Williams’ puts it, â€Å"the worst thing in the world† ‘). Finally, article 3 is opposed to change the original version of the novel. This could already be implied from the title, which misspells the word ‘civilize’. This is a clear reference to the tendency of some characters of the book to pronounce words wrongly. Michiko Kakutani develops this idea throughout the article, refuting Grribben with subtleness and irony. As a result, he sometimes describes Grubbin labour with adjectives in inverted commas (‘improved’) or using aggressive ones to refer to him and his work. (‘Being an iconic classic, however, hasn’t protected the novel from being banned, bowdlerized and bleeped’). To conclude, I must say that, after reading the novel and several articles related to it, I think that the novel should be preserved in its original state. As far as I’m concerned, such a masterpiece deserves to be respected and remain unaltered. In addition, teachers should be very careful when explaining it to children, and try to transmit them the real (and benevolent) intentions of Mark Twain. Bibliography -Huckleberry Finn and America (Chicago Tribune, January 17, 2002). An article  written in the scope of the PBS series directed by documentary filmmaker Ken Burns, which appeared shortly after the article. -Huck Finn, Censorship and the N-word Controversy, by Delia Lloyd (www. politicsdaily. com, January 6, 2011). It is an ambiguous article about the necessity of changing ‘Huckleberry Finn’’s most controversial parts. -Light out, Huck, They Still Want to ‘Sivilize’ You, by Michiko Kakutani (The New York Times, January 6, 2011). A strong defence of the novel and fierce critic of those who intend to change it. -Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (Toni Morrison, 1992).

My Big Break :: Personal Narrative Music Popularity Essays

My Big Break I'll never forget the time I made it into my high school's variety show during my freshman year. Every student has dreams of being the most popular kid in school. I was the quiet kid in school. I never caused any trouble, I never asked questions and I never started conversations. I wanted to be popular, but I knew that I needed a new image. I always enjoyed music; I always thought the drums were cool, so I began to play the drums. I formed a band with a few of my friends in hope to gain little popularity. In order for us to get our peer's attention, we had to try out for the variety show. I would have never imagined that playing in the variety show for my peers would transform me from a nobody into a somebody. I had two main goals that I wanted to get from being in the variety show: to gain recognition from the students and to play music on stage in front of a large audience. I formed a band with my friends from middle school. Matt Bochicchio, one of my best friends, played guitar. He was always the hardest to get to practice because he was on the high school soccer team so it was difficult for him to find any free time to practice. Matt was so good on guitar that we made him the lead guitarist. Ian Williams, who was a wanna be badass, played rhythm guitar. Ian was always getting himself into trouble with the teachers. Ian wasn't as good as Matt which I found ironic because Ian had been playing guitar a lot longer than him. Fritz played bass and he was the most terrible bass player that I had ever played with in my entire life. Fritz is his last name; his first name is Matt. We called him Fritz so there wouldn't be any confusion. He only wanted to be in a band so he could get chicks, but his plan didn't work out. Nick Naro, a lady's man in his time, was our singer. He wasn't a really good singer, but he had a PA system and back then, that's all that matte red. The band was originally mine and Matt's, but we lost control of it to Nick whom loved the spotlight. He let his ego go to his head and we would get the impression from him that we didn't matter.

Elisabeth Bishop’s poem “The Fish” Essay

Elizabeth Bishop’s poem The Fish narrates the changing attitude of the speaker towards the fish. First, the fish is described as ancient and grizzled, showing signs of death and decay. However, upon closer inspection, the fish is made out to be a survivor of many battles. Through the use of figurative language, the poet shows the speaker’s shift from noting only the fish’s dejection to admiring him for his past glories. Bishop begins with the personification of the fish into a figure of defeat and age. The speaker mentions that the fish had not fought at all, as though he had given up all hope. She compares the fish’s skin to old wallpaper which would not be securely attached to the wall as skin loses firmness with age. In addition, Bishop details the extent of the fish’s injuries, everything from lice and barnacles to the fresh blood of his wounds. Such imagery invokes feelings of decay and abandonment as parasites are allowed to slowly consume him. The speaker also contemplates the fish’s innards, suggesting that his has become a mass of flesh and bone without spirit. The speaker furthers the personification of the fish by looking into his eyes and remarking that he had not looked back fully. Instead, the fish had only shifted his stare a little towards the light, further suggesting lack of will while giving the fish a very human feeling of dejection. Not caring about the face of his conqueror, the fish only seeks to confront death, represented by the light that he turns towards. The focus on the fish’s physical structure denotes the fish’s lack of spirit yet it is this very lifelessness that gives the fish the human emotions of apathy and hopelessness. Through the personification of the fish, the poet shows the speaker’s projection of lack of spirit and hope onto the fish. In contrast, the speaker’s discovery of past hooks imbedded into the fish’s mouth gives him the persona of a fallen war hero who has survived many battles in the past. The speaker’s perception then changes from one of lifelessness to one of courage and animation, denoted by the admiration in the speaker’s tone. Upon seeing the frayed lines, she uses verbs of action and struggle as she imagines the fish fighting and breaking the line. Thus,  the poet’s comparison of the lines to ribbons furthers the fish’s appearance as a hero retaining the medals of his victory. The further comparison of the thread to a beard of wisdom shows the speaker’s admiration of the fish’s accumulation of experience through time. The author then explains that he boat become filled with victory in the appearance of a rainbow. A rainbow can be associated with triumph and survival, as the viewer can enjoy the calmness after a storm, often a scene of chaos and potential violence especially combined with the boat setting. Through viewing the remains of the past struggles that the fish has faced, the speaker’s perception of the fish changes him from a being in decline to the survival of past battles. In The Fish, Bishop transforms an old fish the speaker caught into a glorious figure of reverence. Bishop uses personification and analogies to set up the fish as dejected and lacking in spirit. However, the speaker’s perception changes and tone is markedly more of admiration while symbolism is added as the remains of the fish’s struggle become the trophies of victory. By employing personification and symbolism, Bishop uses figurative language to denote the speaker’s changing understanding of the fish.

Ups vs Fedex Analytical Report - 3748 Words

COMMUNICATION COMPARISON FedEx vs. UPS Background: The basis of the analytical report will be comparing Fed Ex and the United Postal Service (UPS). These two companies are the top in their industry. Each company trying to achieve the role of the industry leader they constantly battle head to head combining strategy and brute force. Fed Ex was incorporated in 1971, but did not officially begin operations until April of 1973. Fed Ex started out delivering to only 25 cities and did not start to expand until 1977. UPS was founded in 1907 starting out with a Model T Ford and a few motorcycles. UPS has since grown its fleet into 15,000+ trucks along with a large fleet of aircrafts and services over 200 countries and territories.†¦show more content†¦In 2009 FedEx launched a multimillion –dollar campaign aimed at its rival UPS, â€Å"Why is mega-corporation UPS trying to use its political clout to get a bailout from the U.S. Congress, leaving you to pay the tab†. Rival UPS calls FedEx the only company in the transportation industry with ‘ground’ employees covered by a railroad and airline law. Most of the forces are from moderate to low besides the threat of intense rivalry which signals that this is an attractive industry to be within. Business Level Strategy: From the beginning UPS and FedEx both had very different strategies in the delivery industry. UPS was focused on ground transportation, as more of a substitute for United States Postal Service. UPS has over 100,000 ground transportation vehicles compared to only 20,000 ground vehicles in service at FedEx. The focus of FedEx has always been to be an air delivery company that is trying to pursue a strategy of being able to deliver a parcel the next day. FedEx proves this focus with nearly 700 jets in service compared to only 300 at rival UPS. FedEx and UPS both say the market of overnight delivery as the direction to pursue. UPS was able to accept this and move forward allowing its ground department to absorb the expense, while FedEx suffered a great deal and we hit with higher cost do to them having to hire independent contractors. Over the years, these two companies have changed their overall positioning strategy in the domestic delivery industry. AsShow MoreRelatedMis in Banking S ector2291 Words   |  10 Pages Foundation Concepts Competing with Information Technology o Building a Customer Focused Business o Customers’ loyalty processing and manufacturing o Quality, innovative products o Community with the bank o Online feed-back and follow up o CRM - follow up of the clients o Integrate employees o Segmentation of clients o Contact center/ call center Management Information Systems in Banking - 15 Foundation Concepts Competing with Information Technology o Reengineering Business Processes o RadicalRead MoreKrispy Kreme4063 Words   |  17 Pagesinvestigation into Krispy Kreme and the reports of aggressive accounting for franchises probably caused investors to revise downward their expectations about future cash flows. Thus, financial statements and the choice of accounting policies may be seen as containing signals about future performance. The instructor could close the discussion with a review of events since the date of the case. The epilogue presented here summarizes the company’s financial performance up to late 2005. Exhibits TN2 andRead MorePROC 5000 Midterm Prep Essay8984 Words   |  36 PagesSupply Management (ISM), Arizona State University, Michigan State University, produced in 1995 a report entitled Purchasing and Supply Management: Future Directions and Trends. This was followed by a collaborative research project conducted by CAPS, ISM, and A. T. Kearney, Inc. that resulted in the 1998 report titled The Future of Purchasing and Supply: A Five- and Ten-Year Forecast. These reports identified key issues or change drivers that will affect the acquisition of goods and servicesRead MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 PagesEDITION MM WHAT’S INSIDE: A Student-Tested, Faculty-Approved Approach to Learning Marketing Management Chapter Review Cards allow you to study how and when you want CourseMate includes online study tools, an Interactive Marketing Plan, and set of Analytical Tools $79.95 US Suggested Retail Price ISBN-13: 978-0-538-48134-2 ISBN-10: 0-538-48134-X 90000 2 9 780538 481342 S T U D E N T T E S T E D , F A C U LT Y A P P R O V E D THE MEET SHOW PROCESS ARE WE LISTENING? Reach out to students to understandRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesChallenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of PrivacyRead MoreImplementation and Use of ERP Systems18074 Words   |  72 Pageshave caused companies to suffer losses due to problems and errors. When there is an error with the system management, employees, vendors, supplier, and customers can be negatively impacted. In this area, ERP can help measure the companys financial reports before and after implementing the ERP system. Therefore, the following variables will be measured to determine are as below: * Operational efficiency is inventories, cash and cash equivalents. * Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) minus depreciation, operatingRead MoreManagement Theory Practice16081 Words   |  65 PagesChanging Organisation Today’s organisations are becoming more †¢ Open †¢ Flexible †¢ Responsive to changes Traditional Vs New organisation †¢ Stable Dynamic †¢ Inflexible Flexible †¢ Job focused Skill focused †¢ Individual oriented Team oriented †¢ Permanent jobs Temporary jobs †¢ CommandRead MoreThe Mind of a Marketing Manager26114 Words   |  105 Pagesresults? The answer to this you can call strategy. William Rothschild Ultimately, we wanted Nike to be the world s best sports and fitness company. Once you say that, you have a focus. You don t end up making wing tips or sponsoring the next Rolling Stones world tour. Phil Knight Most business strategies are inadequate for today s markets. They lack context and differenc flexibility and engagementRead MoreStrategic Management and Information Systems19841 Words   |  80 PagesFine-Tunes Its Strategy LEARNING TRACK MODULE The Changing Business Environment for Information Technology WILL THE NEW US AIRWAYS BE ABLE TO FLY? n September 2005, US Airways and America West Airlines merged to create something that may shake up the airline industry: a low-cost full-service airline. The new company, which retains the US Airways name, combines a fully developed national route network, first class seating, and customer loyalty program comparable to those offered by traditionalRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 Pagesarea to ensure that competitors could not learn anything from visiting Bal Seal or hiring its normally trained employees. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment was used to create the seal. The part was then inspected to ensure that it was up to specifications. Assembly consisted of three major steps. In the first step, the spring and seal were assembled to create the completed product. In the second step, the part was inspected to ensure that it met specifications. In the final step, the